This year shone a spotlight on cybersecurity, with federal agencies warning in October of an "increased an imminent" cyber threat to hospitals fueled by the COVID-19 pandemic.

But not every security incident was caused by major ransomware attacks, of course. Some costly breaches were caused by much more mundane activities, such as improperly disposed materials or employee snooping.

By law, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Office of Civil Rights must publish a list of breaches of unsecured protected health information affecting 500 or more individuals. It's worth noting that not every incident on this list happened in 2020, nor has every incident that took place in 2020 been reported yet.

The list also includes both resolved incidents and those still under investigation. More than 10 million individuals were affected by the breaches in the top 10 list alone.

Ultimately, it's clear that cybersecurity incidents aren't going anywhere in the coming year – and they may even get more egregious. Here's a list of the biggest healthcare breaches reported to OCR in 2020.

Name: Trinity Health 
Reported: 9/14/2020
Number of individuals affected: 3,320,726

Trinity's philanthropy database vendor, Blackbaud, notified the health system in July that it had been the victim of a cyberattack, potentially obtaining access to patient and donor information. In a security notice, Blackbaud said that it had paid the ransom to have the data copy destroyed (a strategy that experts do not generally advise).

Name: Inova Health
Reported: 9/09/2020
Number of individuals affected: 1,045,270

Inova was affected by the same Blackbaud security incident. The Virginia-based system determined that the threat actor may have accessed personal information of patients and donors.

Name: Magellan Health
Reported: 6/12/2020
Number of individuals affected: 1,013,956

In April, the Arizona system discovered it was the victim of a ransomware attack. An investigation revealed that the incident may have affected personal information. 

Name: Dental Care Alliance
Reported: 12/08/2020
Number of individuals affected: 1,004,304

The Florida-based support organization, which is affiliated with more than 320 practices in 20 states, reported this fall that it had been the victim of an ongoing attack.

Name: Luxottica of America
Reported: 10/27/2020
Number of individuals affected: 829,454

Luxottica of America, which operates vision care facilities, was targeted by class-action lawsuits following the breach of its online scheduling application.

Name: Northern Light Health
Reported: 8/03/2020
Number of individuals affected: 657,392

The Maine health system was yet another healthcare organization impacted by the Blackbaud ransomware incident.

Name: Health Share of Oregon
Reported: 2/05/2020
Number of individuals affected: 654,362

One of the few incidents on the list not related to hacking, this breach stemmed from the theft of a laptop stolen from Health Share's non-emergent medical transportation vendor in November 2019. The personal information located on the computer included names, addresses, phone numbers, dates of birth, social security numbers, and Health Share ID numbers, although personal health histories were not exposed.

Name: Florida Orthopaedic Institute
Reported: 07/01/2020
Number of individuals affected: 640,000

In April, the system discovered that a ransomware attack had encrypted data on its servers. After an investigation, FOI determined that personal information may have been accessed during the incident.

Name: Elkhart Emergency Physicians
Reported: 05/28/2020
Number of individuals affected: 550,000

A third-party vendor was discovered to have improperly disposed of some patient files, affecting Elkhart records from 2002 through 2010. 

Name: Aetna
Reported: 12/22/2020
Number of individuals affected: 484,157

Aetna, which contracts with EyeMed to provide vision benefit services for members, said an EyeMed email mailbox was accessed by an unauthorized individual earlier this year.

Kat Jercich is senior editor of Healthcare IT News.
Twitter: @kjercich
Email: kjercich@himss.org
Healthcare IT News is a HIMSS Media publication.